Bentonite, inozivikanwawo se bentonite, ivhu revhu rine montmorillonite sechikamu chikuru, uye chimiro chayo chemakemikari chakanyatsogadzikana, chinozivikanwa se "universal stone".
Zvinhu zve bentonite zvinoenderana ne montmorillonite, zvichienderana nezviri mukati memontmorillonite.Pasi pemamiriro emvura, chimiro chekristaro chemontmorillonite chakanyanya kunaka, uye iyi yakakosha yakanakisa kristaro chimiro chinotarisa kuti ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanakisa, senge kupararira kwepamusoro, kumiswa, bentonability, adhesion, adsorption, cation exchange, etc. Naizvozvo, bentonite. inozivikanwa se "chiuru chemarudzi emaminerari", uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kumba nekune dzimwe nyika mumarara ekati, metallurgical pellets, kukanda, kuchera madhaka, kudhinda machira uye kudhaya, rabha, kugadzira mapepa, fetiraiza, mushonga wezvipembenene, kuvandudzwa kwevhu, desiccant, cosmetics, mushonga wemazino, simende, ceramic indasitiri, nanomaterials, inorganic makemikari uye mamwe minda.
China's bentonite zviwanikwa zvakapfuma zvakanyanya, zvinofukidza 26 mapurovhinzi nemaguta, uye matura ndiwo ekutanga munyika.Parizvino, bentonite yeChina yakakurumidza kukura, uye kushandiswa kwayo kwasvika 24 minda, ine gore negore kubudiswa kwematani anopfuura mamiriyoni 3.1.Asi kune akawanda akaderera-magiredhi, uye asingasviki 7% yezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-giredhi.Nokudaro, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro zvakakosha zvakakosha zvikuru.Nesimba kukura zvakakosha-yakawedzerwa zvigadzirwa zvebentonite zvinogona kuwana kudzoka kwepamusoro-kukosha-kuwedzerwa kudzoka, uye kudzivisa kutambisa zvinhu, panguva ino, bentonite ine zvikamu zve 4 chete zvekuwedzera zvakakosha, izvo zvinofanira kubhadharwa.
1. Montmorillonite
Chete yakachena montmorillonite inogona kushandisa zvizere yayo yakanakisa zvivakwa.
Montmorillonite inogona kucheneswa kubva kune yakasikwa bentonite inosangana nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, uye montmorillonite yakashandiswa muminda yepamusoro-soro yakadai semishonga uye kudya semhando yakazvimirira kupfuura bentonite.
Tsanangudzo yeChina yezvigadzirwa zvemontmorillonite haisi yunifomu, izvo zvinowanzokonzera kusanzwisisika mune zvigadzirwa zvemontmorillonite.Parizvino, pane tsananguro mbiri dzezvigadzirwa zvemontmorillonite, imwe itsanangudzo yezvigadzirwa zvemontmorillonite mune isiri-metallic mineral industry: montmorillonite yemukati inodarika 80% muvhu revhu inonzi montmorillonite, senge montmorillonite desiccant, nezvimwe. inonyanya kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hunoitwa nenzira dzakadai sebhuruu kunyura, uye giredhi haisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwepamusoro-kuchena bentonite;Imwe ndiyo tsananguro ye montmorillonite mumunda wekutsvagisa nekutsvaga kwesainzi, uye zvirimo zvechigadzirwa zvinonyanya kuverengerwa neXRD nedzimwe nzira, inova montmorillonite mupfungwa yechokwadi, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zve montmorillonite zvigadzirwa mumishonga, cosmetics. , chikafu nemamwe maindasitiri.Iyo montmorillonite inotsanangurwa muchinyorwa ichi chigadzirwa chemontmorillonite padanho rino.
Montmorillonite inogona kushandiswa mukurapa
Montmorillonite (Montmorillonite, Smectite) inosanganisirwa muUnited States Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia uye European Pharmacopoeia, isina kunhuhwirira, ine ivhu zvishoma, isingagumbure, haina mhedzisiro panheyo, yekufema uye yemoyo masisitimu, ine yakanaka adsorption kugona, kugona kuchinjanisa cation uye mvura. kunyura uye kugona kwekuwedzera, yakanaka adsorption mhedzisiro paEscherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus uye rotavirus uye bile munyu, uye zvakare ine yakagadziriswa mhedzisiro pachepfu yebhakitiriya.Antidiarrheal inokurumidza, saka kugadzirira kwayo kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakiriniki maitiro.Pamusoro pekugadzirira, montmorillonite APIs inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka uye sezvinobatsira zvekugadzirira-kusunungurwa gadziriro.
Montmorillonite inogona kushandiswa mukurapa kwezvipfuyo uye hutano hwemhuka
Montmorillonite inoshandiswa mukurima kwemhuka, chigadzirwa chinofanira kucheneswa, chinofanira kutsunga kuve chisiri chepfu (arsenic, mercury, lead, ashlenite haipfuure mwero), chero kushandiswa kwakananga kwebentonite mbishi ore yezvinodhaka kunokonzera kukuvadza kuzvipfuwo. .
Montmorillonite inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuberekesa mhuka, uye nzvimbo dzayo dzinopisa dzinenge dzese dzakanangana mukudzivirira kwematumbo uye manyoka, kubvisa mold kubviswa, hemostasis uye anti-kuzvimba, uye kugadzirisa fenzi.
Montmorillonite inogona kushandiswa muzvizoro
Montmorillonite inogona kunyatso bvisa uye kutora yakasara makeke, tsvina tsvina uye yakawandisa mafuta mumitsetse yeganda, uye adsorb yakawandisa mafuta, exfoliate, kukurumidza kubuda kwemasero akafa, kushandura akawandisa pores, kurerutsa melanocyte, uye kunatsiridza ganda.
Montmorillonite inogona kushandiswa mukurima kwekristall shrimp, inogona kuchenesa mvura, haizoshanduri pH kukosha kwemvura, inopa mineral nutrients, ine whitening effect pacrystal shrimp, uye chinhu chinodiwa pakusimudza crystal shrimp.
Montmorillonite inoshandiswa sechikafu chekuwedzera uye emulsifier muzvokudya, uye inogona kushandiswa sechikafu chekurasikirwa;Inogona kuita muto wemichero uye muto weshuga zvakajeka uye kuwedzera;Inopfavisa mvura yakaoma.Inogona kushandiswa sekuwedzera kwezvinomera, kutsiva zvechinyakare mhuka-yakashandurwa zvinowedzera senge protein uye gelatin.
Montmorillonite inogona kushandiswa sekujekesa waini, nano montmorillonite ine hombe yepamusoro adsorption uye interlayer ine hunhu hwechigarire yakaipa charge, inogona kunyatso adsorb mapuroteni, macromolecular pigments uye zvimwe zvinochajiwa colloidal particles uye kugadzira agglomeration, inogona kushandiswa sewaini. , waini yemichero, muto wemichero, soy muto, vhiniga, waini yemupunga uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekubikisa kujekeswa uye kudzikamisa kurapwa.Migumisiro yekuedza: nanomontmorillonite haishandure chitarisiko, ruvara, ruvara uye mamwe maitiro ewaini, waini yemichero uye zvimwe zvinwiwa, uye inogona kuparadzaniswa zvakasikwa nekunyura nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo husingagadziriswi nemvura.
Maitiro ekushandisa: wedzera nano-montmorillonite waini clarifier kusvika 3-6 nguva yehuwandu hwemvura kuti inyatsozvimba, kurunga mune slurry, wobva wawedzera kuwaini inorapwa uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinomutswa nekuparadzirwa zvakaenzana, uye pakupedzisira sefa kuti uwane muviri wewaini wakajeka uye unopenya.
Nano montmorillonite waini clarifier yakashandiswa kujekesa waini kweanopfuura makore makumi mashanu, iyo yakachengeteka kwazvo uye yakavimbika, uye ine inobatsira pakudzivirira uye kutonga kwe "simbi kuparara" uye "browning" yewaini.
2. Organic bentonite
Kazhinji kutaura, organic bentonite (amination) inowanikwa nekuvhara sodium-based bentonite ne organic amine munyu.
Organic bentonite inonyanya kushandiswa mupendi inki, kuchera mafuta, polymer inoshanda yekuzadza uye mimwe minda.
Organic bentonite inoshanda gelling agent ye organic liquids.Kuwedzera huwandu hwakati wandei hwe organic bentonite kune yemvura organic system ichakanganisa zvakanyanya rheology yayo, viscosity inowedzera, fluidity shanduko, uye sisitimu inova thixotropic.Organic bentonite inonyanya kushandiswa mumapendi, kudhinda ingi, mafuta ekuzora, zvizorwa uye mamwe akawanda maindasitiri ekudzora viscosity uye kuyerera, kuita kuti kugadzira kuve nyore, kuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kuita zvirinani.Mune epoxy resin, phenolic resin, asphalt uye mamwe masisitimu ekugadzira uye Fe, Pb, Zn uye mamwe akateedzana epigment pendi, inogona kushandiswa senge anti-kugadzirisa yekubatsira, nekugona kudzivirira pigment pasi agglomeration, corrosion resistance, thickening coating. , nezvimwewo;Inoshandiswa mumaingi anonyungudutsa-akavakirwa anogona kushandiswa sekukora ekuwedzera kugadzirisa viscosity uye kuenderana kweingi, kudzivirira kupararira kweinki, uye kunatsiridza thixotropy.
Organic bentonite inoshandiswa mukuchera mafuta uye inogona kushandiswa semafuta-based dope uye kuwedzera kuwedzera kuwirirana kwedhaka, kunatsiridza kupararira kwematope uye kumiswa.
Organic bentonite inoshandiswa sekuzadza kwerabha uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki senge matai uye mapepa erabha.Organic bentonite inoshandiswa se rubber filler, inova tekinoroji nyowani mumakore makumi masere uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune yaimbova CIS, United States, United Kingdom nedzimwe nyika.Mushure memakore matatu ekutsvakurudza nekusimudzira, sangano rekutsvagisa reJilin Chemical Industry Company rakabudirira kugadzira nzira yehunyanzvi yekugadzira organic bentonite (inozivikanwawo seyakagadziridzwa bentonite) yerabha.Zvigadzirwa zvinoedzwa muHuadian, Jilin, Changchun, Jihua uye mamwe mafekitori ematairi, uye mhedzisiro yacho inoshamisa, kwete chete hupenyu hwesevhisi hwematairi hunowedzerwa, asiwo mutengo wekugadzira matai wakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.Organic bentonite yerabha (yakagadziridzwa bentonite) yakagamuchirwa uye yakagamuchirwa nemabhizinesi erabha, uye mukana wemusika wakakura.
Nanoscale organic bentonite inoshandiswawo kugadzirisa nano mapurasitiki akadai nylon, polyester, polyolefin (ethylene, propylene, styrene, vinyl chloride) uye epoxy resin kuvandudza kupisa kwayo kupisa, simba, kusapfeka, gasi chinodzivirira uye chaiyo giravhiti.Iko kushandiswa kwe nano-scale organic bentonite murubha inonyanya kushandiswa nano-kugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa zverubha, kuvandudza kusimba kwayo kwemhepo, kukwidziridzwa kwekuwedzera kukwezva uye kupfeka kusagadzikana, kushorwa kwecorrosion, kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusagadzikana kwemakemikari.Polyurethane elastomer/montmorillonite nanocomposites uye EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites zvakadzidzwa zvakanaka.
Nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (yakagadziridzwa uye nyore kuparadzirwa musanganiswa) inogona kugadzirwa kubva nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (yakagadziridzwa uye yakapararira nyore), uye nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch inogona kusanganiswa nerabha kana elastomer. kugadzirira nano-bentonite composite thermoplastic elastomer, iyo inogona kukurumidza kukura kwe nano-thermoplastic elastomer.
3. High white bentonite
High white bentonite is high-purity sodium (calcium) based bentonite ine kuchena kweinenge 80 kana kupfuura.High white bentonite inobatsira kubva mukuchena kwayo uye inozivikanwa mune zvakawanda zvinhu zvakadai semazuva ose emakemikari zvigadzirwa, ceramics, papermaking, uye machira.
Zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese zvemakemikari: yakakwira chena bentonite musipo, poda yekuwachisa, detergent sejira rinopfava, rinopfava, rinotora tsvina yakanyungudika, kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwecrusts uye zvakasara pamusoro pemucheka, kuderedza kuiswa kwezeolite pamucheka;Inogona kuchengetedza tsvina uye zvimwe zvimedu mumhepo yemvura mukumiswa;Adsorbs oiri uye zvimwe zvitsvina, uye anogona kunyange condense mabhakitiriya.Inoshandiswa sejelling agent mumishonga yemazino uye zvizorwa, uye inogona kutsiva thickener uye thixotropic agent yemazino anotengeswa kubva kunze kwenyika--- synthetic magnesium aluminium silicate.Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza kuti yakakwira chena bentonite mushonga wemazino ine montmorillonite yemukati> 97% uye kuchena kwe82 yakatetepa uye yakatwasuka, iyo tensile viscosity yepaste i21mm, uye paste ine gloss yakanaka mushure mekuzadza.Mushure memwedzi mitatu yekuenderera mberi nekuiswa panzvimbo yakakwirira ye50 degrees, paste inoparadzaniswa, ruvara haruna kuchinjwa, mushonga wemazino unonamira, hapana granulation uye muromo wakaoma, uye aluminium chubhu haina-kuora zvachose, uye iyo pamusoro penamira yakatsetseka uye yakapfava.Mushure memwedzi mishanu yekupisa kwakanyanya uye mwedzi minomwe yekutarisa nekuongorora tembiricha yekamuri, mushonga wemazino unosangana nechiyero chitsva chemushonga wemazino, uye unogona kushandiswa semushonga wemazino zvigadzirwa.
Ceramics: White bentonite inoshandiswa sepurasitiki inozadza mumakeramiki, kunyanya mune zvigadzirwa zvinoda kuchena kwepamusoro mushure mekupisa.Yayo rheological uye inowedzeredzwa zvivakwa zvinopa iyo ceramic paste plasticity uye kuwedzera simba, uku ichidzikamisa kumira kwemvura mune paste, nepo kuoma kwayo kunamatira kunopa yakakwira yekusunga simba uye kukotama kuramba kune yakagochwa yekupedzisira chigadzirwa.Mune ceramic glazes, white bentonite inoshandiswawo seplasticizer uye thickener, inopa simba, plastiki uye kunamatira kwepamusoro kune glaze uye kutsigirwa, kufarira bhora rekugaya.
- Kugadzira mapepa: Muindasitiri yemapepa, chena bentonite inogona kushandiswa seyakawanda inoshanda machena mamineral filler.
- Coating: viscous regulator uye chena mamineral filler mune coating, iyo inogona zvishoma kana zvachose kutsiva titanium dioxide.
- Starch modifier: ita kuchengetedza kugadzikana uye shandisa kuita zvirinani.
- Mukuwedzera, chena bentonite inogonawo kushandiswa mu-high-grade adhesives, polymers, pendi.
4. Granular ivhu
Granular ivhu rakagadzirwa nevhu rakashongedzerwa sechinhu chikuru mbishi nekurapwa kwemakemikari, chitarisiko chisina kuumbwa chidiki chegranular, chine nzvimbo yakakwirira yepamusoro pane ivhu rinoshanda, ine yakakwira adsorption kugona, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yepetrochemical inonhuhwirira, parafini yendege. kunatsa, mafuta emaminerari, mafuta emhuka nemuriwo, wakisi uye organic liquid decolorization kunatsa, inoshandiswawo mukuzora mafuta, base oiri, dhiziri uye kumwe kukwenenzvera oiri, bvisa zvakasara olefins, chingamu, asphalt, alkaline nitride uye kumwe kusvibiswa mumafuta.
Granular ivhu inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyakanyorova desiccant, yemukati zvinodhaka alkali detoxifier, vhitamini A, B adsorbent, mafuta ekuzora coincident contact agent, peturu vapor phase essence kugadzirira, nezvimwewo, uye inogonawo kushandiswa seyakabikwa yepakati tembiricha polymerization. catalyst uye yakakwirira tembiricha polymerization mumiririri.
Parizvino, isiri-chepfu, isiri-intrainment, kunyura kwemafuta madiki, uye ivhu regranular rinogona kushandiswa kugadzira mafuta anodyika decolorization uye kunatsa inzvimbo inopisa iri kudiwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-20-2022